The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on knowledge-sharing behaviour: the mediating role of knowledge-sharing intention and the moderating role of perceived psychological safety

Knowledge-sharing behaviour (KSB) is widely recognised as an important mechanism for enhancing innovation and organisational performance in knowledge-intensive environments. However, employees may hesitate to share knowledge because of perceived personal risks, competitive concerns, and workload pressures, particularly in fast-paced e-commerce settings. To better understand the motivational and cognitive mechanisms associated with KSB, this study develops an integrated framework drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey using self-reported measures from 398 operational managers from Chinese e-commerce firms using purposive sampling. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are positively associated with KSI. KSI is positively associated with KSB and serves as a key mechanism linking motivational factors to behaviour. The findings further indicate that reciprocal benefits have both direct and indirect effects on KSB, whereas enjoyment in helping others, sense of self-worth, and expected organisational rewards influence KSB primarily through KSI. The results also indicate that perceived psychological safety positively moderates the relationship between KSI and KSB, strengthening the translation of intention into actual KSB. This study contributes to the knowledge-sharing literature by integrating SDT and TPB to clarify the distinct roles of motivational factors, intention, and contextual conditions in the knowledge-sharing process within Chinese e-commerce contexts.