Key result
The differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is a hallmark of negative arterial remodeling, contributing to major cardiovascular diseases such as restenosis and atherosclerosis.
This review highlights the critical role of adventitial myofibroblasts in vascular remodeling and their contribution to vessel stenosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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May inform therapies targeting vascular remodeling; leaves open whether myofibroblast modulation improves clinical outcomes.
The arterial adventitia has been long considered an essentially supportive tissue; however, more and more data suggest that it plays a major role in the modulation of the vascular tone by complex interactions with structures located within intima and media. The purpose of this review is to summarize these data and to describe the mechanisms involved in adventitia/media and adventitia/intima cross-talk. In response to a plethora of stimuli, the adventitia undergoes remodeling processes, resulting in positive (adaptive) remodeling, negative (constrictive) remodeling, or both. The differentiation of the adventitial fibroblast into myofibroblast (MF), a key player of wound healing and fibrosis development, is a hallmark of negative remodeling; this can lead to vessel stenosis and thus contribute to major cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms of fibroblast-to-MF differentiation and the role of the MF in adventitial remodeling are highlighted herein.
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Coen et al. (2011) conducted a review in Arterial pathology. The differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is a hallmark of negative arterial remodeling, contributing to major cardiovascular diseases such as restenosis and atherosclerosis.
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