Advanced Life Support: 2025 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation conducts continuous reviews of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science and publishes more comprehensive reviews every 5 years. The Advanced Life Support Task Force chapter of the 2025 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations addresses all resuscitation evidence reviewed by the task force in the past year, as well as brief summaries of topics reviewed since 2020, to provide a comprehensive update. Newly updated topics this year include defibrillator pad placement, mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation devices, mechanical circulatory support after return of spontaneous circulation, intravenous versus intraosseous access, vasopressor choice and hemodynamic targets after return of spontaneous circulation, treatment of cardiac arrest related to hyperkalemia and opioid toxicity, and neuroprotective drugs, among others. Task Force members have assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of the evidence based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task force are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task force lists priority knowledge gaps for further research.