Neuropsychiatric Factors Involved in the Development of Fibromyalgia: A Literature Review

Fibromyalgia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, tenderness, and fatigue. Its exact cause remains unknown, but genetic predisposition, physical or emotional trauma, and disturbances in pain processing are believed to play significant roles. The condition redominantly affects women and can occur at any age. Diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of specific tests, but criteria set by the American College of Rheumatology aid in identification. Management involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, with analgesics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants used for pain relief. Non-pharmacological treatments include physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and stress-reduction techniques. Neuropsychiatric factors, such as stress, trauma, depression, anxiety, and altered pain processing, play crucial roles in fibromyalgia’s development and maintenance.