Barriers to blood pressure control in China in a large opportunistic screening

We investigated the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in a large opportunistic screening study in China. Our study participants had to be ≥18 years of age and had ideally not taken blood pressure (BP) for ≥1 year. BP was measured three times consecutively in the sitting position with a 1-minute interval, using a validated electronic BP monitor or mercury sphygmomanometer. Trained volunteer investigators administered a questionnaire to collect information on medical history, lifestyle, and use of medications. The 364 000 participants (52.6% women, and mean age 53.4 years) had a mean systolic/diastolic BP of 124.2/76.4 mm Hg. The proportion of hypertension was 24.7%. In all hypertensive subjects (n = 89 925), the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were 60.1%, 42.5%, and 25.4%, respectively. In multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses, the odds for unawareness vs awareness of hypertension was higher in men and lower with age advancing, current smoking, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and stroke or transient ischemic attack (P < .0001). The odds for uncontrolled vs controlled hypertension was higher with age advancing and current smoking, and lower with the presence of diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease (P ≤ .03) in 38 207 treated hypertensive patients, and it was also higher with the use of antihypertensive monotherapy (odds ratio 1.13, P = .0003) in 19 523 treated hypertensive patients with specific antihypertensive drugs. Our study identified several factors as barriers to BP control in China, such as male gender, younger age, current smoking, and the under-use of combination therapy.