Key result
Higher lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was associated with a lower risk of incident heart failure, with a hazard ratio of 0.90 per standard deviation increment.
Why the study?
It was unclear whether abnormal lung diffusion capacity is associated with cardiac remodeling and antedates heart failure.
Cohort (n=2,423)
No
Hazard Ratio: 0.9 (95% CI 0.86–0.95)
p-value: p=<0.0001
Lower lung diffusion capacity and expiratory flow rates are associated with subclinical cardiac remodeling and an increased risk of incident heart failure.
Lower DLCO was associated with LV remodeling and incident HF; supports hypothesis but leaves open prognostic utility in observational data.
BACKGROUND: Lung function abnormalities are ubiquitous in heart failure (HF). It is unclear, however, if abnormal lung diffusion capacity is associated with cardiac remodeling and antedates HF. We hypothesized that lower lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is associated with worse left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function cross-sectionally, and with higher risk of HF prospectively. METHODS: We evaluated 2423 Framingham Study participants (mean age 66 years, 55% women) free of HF who underwent routine echocardiography and pulmonary function tests. We used multivariable regression models to relate DLCO, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial (LA) emptying fraction (LAEF), E/e', E/A, LV mass, and LA diameter (LAD). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to relate DLCO, FEV1, and FVC to incident HF. RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted cross-sectional analyses, DLCO, FEV1, and FVC (dependent variables) were associated positively with LVEF (βDLCO = 0.208, βFEV1 = 0.021, and βFVC = 0.025 per 5% increment in LVEF; p<0.005 for all), and LAEF (βDLCO = 0.707, βFEV1 = 0.058 and βFVC = 0.058 per 5% increment in LAEF; p<0.002 for all). DLCO and FVC were inversely related to E/A (βDLCO = -0.289, βFVC = -0.047 per SD increment in E/A; p<0.001 for all). Additionally, DLCO, FEV1 and FVC were inversely related to HF risk (108 events, median follow-up 9.7 years; multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios per SD increment 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.95; 0.42, 95% CI 0.28-0.65, and 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.73, respectively). These results remained robust in analyses restricted to non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our large community-based observations are consistent with the concept that lower lung diffusion capacity and expiratory flow rates are associated with cardiac remodeling and may antedate HF. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings and to evaluate the prognostic utility of pulmonary function testing for predicting HF.
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Yola et al. (2021) conducted a cohort in Free of heart failure (n=2,423). Lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) vs. Lower DLCO (analyzed per standard deviation increment) was evaluated on Incident heart failure (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.95, p=<0.0001). Higher lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was associated with a lower risk of incident heart failure, with a hazard ratio of 0.90 per standard deviation increment.
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