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Synthesizes Na+-Ca2+ exchanger biology; leaves open targeted trials before any clinical application in heart disease.
The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in the plasma membrane is a bidirectional electrogenic ion transporter that couples the translocation of Na+ in one direction with that of Ca2+ in the opposite direction. This system is involved in regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration via the forward mode (Ca2+ extrusion) or the reverse mode (Ca2+ influx). There are two types of the plasma membrane Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in an animal, and they are called the cardiac type and rod outer segment type. In addition, there is an electroneutral Na+-Ca2+ exchanger present in mitochondria. Recent studies by the molecular biology technique show that there are at least 8 isoforms of the cardiac type (NCX1), and there are two other exchangers in the brain (NCX2 and NCX3). Due to new techniques of molecular biology and electro-physiology, much evidence is accumulating with respect to the structure, mechanism, regulation, and physiological and pathological roles of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. This review summarizes recent progress in this research field that is of pharmacological interest.
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Matsuda et al. (1997) studied this question.
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