Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as predictors of carotid atherosclerosis in individuals with normal fasting lipid profiles: a prospective follow-up study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Percentage bar chart. (A) Proportion of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and Non-CAS participants in the postprandial normal triglyceride (PN) and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PH) groups. (B, C) Proportion of CAS participants in the A (fasting triglyceride < 1.2 mmol/L) and B (fasting triglyceride 1.2–1.7 mmol/L) groups at baseline and follow-up, respectively. (D, E) Proportion of PN and PH participants in the A and B groups at baseline and follow-up, respectively.

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  Figure 2. Lipid profile changes during oral fat tolerance tests among individuals stratified by postprandial triglyceride levels. (A) Triglyceride (TG). (B) Remnant cholesterol (RC). (C) Total cholesterol (TC). (D) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). (E) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). (F) Non-HDL-C. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 compared to the fasting level in the postprandial normal triglyceride (PN) group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, and ### P < 0.001 compared to the fasting level in the postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PH) group, and & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01, and &&& P < 0.001 compared to the corresponding time point in the PN group. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of time and group on blood lipid levels during the oral fat tolerance tests, using the Šidák method for multiple comparisons.

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  Figure 3. Lipid profile changes during oral fat tolerance tests among individuals stratified by carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) status. (A) Triglyceride (TG). (B) Remnant cholesterol (RC). (C) Total cholesterol (TC). (D) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). (E) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). (F) Non-HDL-C. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 compared to the fasting level in the Non-CAS group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, and ### P < 0.001 compared to the fasting level in the CAS group, and & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01, and &&& P < 0.001 compared to the corresponding time point in the Non-CAS group. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of time and group on blood lipid levels during the oral fat tolerance tests, using the Šidák method for multiple comparisons.