What question did this study set out to answer?

To compare the risks of pregnancy loss and specific major congenital malformations in newborns between mothers with pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

December 1, 2025Birth Defects ResearchOpen Access

Maternal Diabetes Types and the Risk of Pregnancy Loss and Specific Malformations in the Infant

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Authors

PHPin‐Chia HuangAdvantech (Taiwan)KHKrista F. HuybrechtsBrigham and Women's Hospital LSLoreen StraubBrigham and Women's Hospital

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Implication

Cohort study reveals higher pregnancy loss and birth defect risks with maternal diabetes, highlighting the critical impact of disease progression.

Key Points

To compare the risks of pregnancy loss and specific major congenital malformations in newborns between mothers with pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Retrospective cohort analysis of 2,090,452 eligible pregnancies from the Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database (2011–2021).
Identified diabetes types, pregnancy losses, and major congenital malformations within 90 days postpartum using validated algorithms.
Tracked antidiabetic medications as a proxy for type 2 diabetes progression, restricting malformation analyses to linked live births.
Spontaneous abortion occurred in 21.7% of mothers with T2DM, 17.5% with T1DM, and 15.9% without DM; stillbirth risks were 0.9%, 0.8%, and 0.4%, respectively.
Maternal diabetes was strongly associated with newborn cardiac malformations compared to no diabetes (T1DM adjusted OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.13–3.64; T2DM adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.74–2.35).
Central nervous system, urinary, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal malformations were elevated in both diabetes types, with the highest congenital malformation risk in T2DM seen among those on insulin therapy.

Cite This Study

Huang et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7df7239c5f03601cb8763d https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.70009

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Implication

Cohort study reveals higher pregnancy loss and birth defect risks with maternal diabetes, highlighting the critical impact of disease progression.

Maternal Diabetes Types and the Risk of Pregnancy Loss and Specific Malformations in the Infant

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Maternal Diabetes Types and the Risk of Pregnancy Loss and Specific Malformations in the Infant

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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