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We generated low-phase-noise millimeter waves by using a reciprocating optical modulator. A lightwave modulated by a 44-GHz millimeter wave was obtained from a microwave signal, with a phase noise of -88.5 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 kHz. The intensity of the millimeter waves generated was quite stable, and the linewidth was less than 1 Hz. The noise figure obtained in our reciprocating modulation process was lower than the theoretical limit for conventional frequency multipliers.
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Kawanishi et al. (2005) studied this question.
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