The role of selected adipokines and ghrelin in the prognosis after myocardial infarction in a 12-month follow-up in the presence of metabolic syndrome

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of selected adipokines in the improvement in the ejection fraction and in the development of adverse cardiac remodeling during 12 months of follow-up among patients with an ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the presence of metabolic syndrome (MeS). Material and methods: The study population consisted of 69 patients (49 male; mean age: 59 10 years) with a first STEMI that was treated with a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). In this group, 36 patients (18 male; mean age: 60 15 years) had MeS according to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation. The baseline clinical evaluation included a clinical examination and evaluation of the blood levels of C-reactive protein, ghrelin, resistin, and fasting glucose. Within 72 h after the STEMI, an echocardiographic examination was performed. A complete clinical evaluation was repeated after 12 months. Adverse cardiac remodeling was defined as an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic volume of 8%. An improvement of the ejection fraction (EF) was defined as an increase of more than 5% in the EF. Results: A concentration of ghrelin 160.46 pg/ml (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.032) had a good predictive value for the occurrence of adverse left ventricular remodeling but only in the patients without MeS. Among the patients with MeS, a concentration of resistin 5196 pg/ml (AUC = 0.073, p = 0.024) had a good predictive value for the occurrence of left ventricular remodeling. A concentration of leptin > 52.18 pg/ml (AUC = 0.81, p < 0.0001) and resistin > 4419.27 ng/ml (AUC = 0.67, p = 0.049) had a good predictive value for improvement of the LVEF in the patients without MeS. Conclusions: The selected adipokines had a good predictive value for the development of adverse cardiac remodeling and for improvement of the ejection fraction among patients after a STEMI in the presence of metabolic syndrome.