Avoiding Photoinduced Shunts in Organic Solar Cells by the Use of Tin Oxide (SnOx) as Electron Extraction Material Instead of ZnO

Organic solar cells using zinc oxide (ZnO) based electron extraction layers (EELs) show a lowered shunt resistance along with a decay of the filling factor and open circuit voltage upon UV illumination, due to a loss of electron selectivity of the EEL. This issue is overcome by tin oxide (SnOx) as EEL, with a surface electronic structure different from ZnO.