Trans fatty acids in adipose tissue and risk of myocardial infarction: A case-cohort study

Figures

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  Fig 1. Adipose tissue trans fatty acid content (% of total fatty acids) and MI rate in women during 14 years of follow-up with the 10 percentile trans fatty acid content as reference: Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, Denmark. Shaded gray areas show 95% confidence intervals of HRs of MI (curves) that were calculated with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for age at entry into the study, body mass index, length of education, smoking status, leisure time physical activity level, alcohol consumption and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The exposures 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t were mutually adjusted. Analyses included 584 cases. Curves were formally tested against a horizontal line using Wald tests. The P-values were 0.070, 0.015, 0.186 and 0.516 in analyses of total 18:1t, 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t, respectively. The 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percentiles of adipose tissue trans fatty acid content are marked by dashed lines. MI indicates myocardial infarction and HR, hazard ratio.

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  Fig 2. Adipose tissue trans fatty acid content (% of total fatty acids) and MI rate in men during 14 years of follow-up with the 10 percentile trans fatty acid content as reference: Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, Denmark. Shaded gray areas show 95% confidence intervals of HRs of MI (curves) that were calculated with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for age at entry into the study, body mass index, length of education, smoking status, leisure time physical activity level, alcohol consumption and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The exposures 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t were mutually adjusted. Analyses included 1564 cases. Curves were formally tested against a horizontal line using Wald tests. The P-values were 0.198, 0.595, 0.002 and 0.877 in analyses of total 18:1t, 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t, respectively. The 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percentiles of adipose tissue trans fatty acid content are marked by dashed lines. MI indicates myocardial infarction and HR, hazard ratio.

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  Fig 3. Adipose tissue trans fatty acid content (% of total fatty acids) and MI rate in women during five years of follow-up with the 10 percentile trans fatty acid content as reference: Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, Denmark. Shaded gray areas show 95% confidence intervals of HRs of MI (curves) that were calculated with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for age at entry into the study, body mass index, length of education, smoking status, leisure time physical activity level, alcohol consumption and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The exposures 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t were mutually adjusted. Analyses included 163 cases. Curves were formally tested against a horizontal line using Wald tests. The P-values were 0.915, 0.874, 0.742 and 0.331 in analyses of total 18:1t, 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t, respectively. The 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percentiles of adipose tissue trans fatty acid content are marked by dashed lines. MI indicates myocardial infarction and HR, hazard ratio.

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  Fig 4. Adipose tissue trans fatty acid content (% of total fatty acids) and MI rate in men during five years of follow-up with the 10 percentile trans fatty acid content as reference: Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, Denmark. Shaded gray areas show 95% confidence intervals of HRs of MI (curves) that were calculated with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for age at entry into the study, body mass index, length of education, smoking status, leisure time physical activity level, alcohol consumption and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The exposures 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t were mutually adjusted. Analyses included 547 cases. Curves were formally tested against a horizontal line using Wald tests. The P-values were 0.150, 0.009, <0.001 and 0.834 in analyses of total 18:1t, 18:1 Δ6-10t, 18:1 Δ11t and 18:2 Δ9c, 11t, respectively. The 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percentiles of adipose tissue trans fatty acid content are marked by dashed lines. MI indicates myocardial infarction and HR, hazard ratio.

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  Fig 5. Population-based case-control studies on total 18:1t in adipose tissue and odds of myocardial infarction. *Highest versus lowest quartile of total 18:1t. †OR of sudden cardiac death. ‡Highest versus lowest quintile of total 18:1t. §Before a reduction of trans fatty acids in foods. ||After a reduction of trans fatty acids in foods. #OR of coronary artery stenosis. **Hazard ratio of myocardial infarction. OR indicates odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; M, male and F, female.