Basics of Neurotoxin Induced Animal Models for Comprehending Neurodegenerative Diseases Embracing Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

With the aging of the global population in the decades ahead, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) are expected to afflict larger numbers of people worldwide.One of the main causes of neurodegenerative illnesses is neurotoxins.The identification of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) as a potential contributor to Parkinson's disease symptoms in the 1980s prompted additional studies on neurotoxins.Neurotoxins can cause harm to the nervous system by upregulating proteins linked to cell death, increasing oxidative stress, decreasing mitochondrial activity, and causing neuroinflammation.Animal models have aided in gaining more insight into the pathological processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases.These models replicate several features of a particular disease, together with the primary symptoms and histological abnormalities.To create disease-modifying medications that can stop the onset of these disorders or at least reduce their course, it is essential to have a precise understanding of the etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying them.By consolidating information on diverse neurotoxic animal models and emphasizing the pathogenic pathways associated with these neurotoxins, this review focus to assist researchers in making informed choices and propelling the progress of PD and AD modelling.