Concentration gradients in industrial fed-batch bioreactors due to imperfect mixing and biological consumption of nutrients result in a drastic decline in performance. Three advanced methods for the quantitative description of the mixing process in stirred, aerated tanks of industrial size are presented and commented on in terms of adequacy and reliability with regard to the microenvironmental approach, which gives biological and engineering factors the same importance.
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Guillard et al. (1999) studied this question.
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