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This paper uses situated artificial intelligence theory (SAIT) and technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework, to investigate the impact of human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) on workforce demand, crucial for operational resilience and competitive advantage. Patent and workforce data from Chinese listed companies (2015-23) reveals that HCAI significantly increases regular workforce demand by externalizing tacit knowledge and drives non-regular workforce demand through technological complexity. Moreover, digital transformation and financing constraints weaken HCAI’s positive effects on workforce demand, while industry competition strengthens them. These findings offer theoretical, managerial and policy implications for integrating HCAI with workforce strategies during the Industry 5.0 transition.
Wang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.