Trimetazidine improved adriamycin‐induced cardiomyopathy by downregulating TNF‐α, BAX, and VEGF immunoexpression via an antioxidant mechanism

Few studies have reported a prophylactic effect of the anti-ischemic trimetazidine (TRI) against cardiac toxicity caused by adriamycin (ADR). However, the mechanism of action of TRI remained incomplete. The cardioprotective mechanism(s) of TRI against ADR-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated in this study. Cardiotoxicity was induced in three groups of Wistar rats by injecting a single dose of ADR (10 mg/kg, i.p.). TRI was administered in two doses regimen, low (L) (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and high (H) (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The results of the study showed that both TRI L and H doses improved cardiac enzymes and pathology, while only the TRI H dose improved the electrocardiogram. Both TRI L and H doses decreased malondialdehyde and increased reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Only TRI H dose increased glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Both TRI L and H doses decreased interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Both TRI L and H doses downregulated TNF-α, BAX, and vascular endothelial growth factor cardiac protein expression. The data obtained in this study provided evidence that TRI opposed ADR-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanism could be due to improved antioxidant levels as well as inhibition of inflammation and programmed cell death.