Psychosocial outcomes of bio-banding in elite youth athlete development pathways: a mixed-methods systematic review

Talent development has traditionally relied on chronological age grouping, which does not account for variations in biological maturity among players. Bio-banding addresses this by matching players based on biological maturity rather than chronological age. This mixed-methods systematic review synthesised evidence on the psychosocial effects of bio-banding. A systematic literature search across seven databases identified 12 studies reporting the psychosocial effects of bio-banding interventions in elite youth sport contexts. Studies varied in method (four quantitative, two qualitative, six mixed-methods), intervention design, sport context, and psychosocial effects measured. Studies were analysed using a convergent integrated approach adhering to Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for mixed-method systematic reviews. Four analytical themes were identified: (1) enhanced psychological skill visibility and development, (2) leadership as a prominent psychosocial outcome for later maturers, (3) constructive challenges for psychological growth, (4) implementation friction: terminology, cohesion, and perceived social risk. Bio-banding was perceived to promote confidence, leadership, self-expression, and psychosocial skills, though the evidence was limited by reliance on self-report and stakeholder perceptions. Future research employing validated psychometric tools and longitudinal designs is required to substantiate these effects and inform implementation. These findings support using bio-banding as an additional method alongside chronological age groups.