Magnetized Flow of a Tri-Hybrid Nanomaterial Over a Spinning Disk with the Utilization of Cattaneo-Christov Flux, Radiative, and Dissipative Energies

The present study models and simulates the radiative flow of a magnetized tri-hybrid nanomaterial over a spinning disk, incorporating unsteadiness, shape factor, and the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. The effects of the Lorentz force and viscous dissipation enhance the physical realism of the model. A cylindrical coordinate system is employed, and similarity transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations into a dimensionless nonlinear system that is solved numerically using the bvp5c technique.The influence of the key parameters on the thermal and flow fields is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that increasing the unsteady flow parameter reduces both the thermal and momentum boundary layer thicknesses, while a stronger magnetic field suppresses velocity and elevates temperature. Enhanced nanoparticle dispersion significantly improves the local Nusselt number, indicating superior heat transfer performance.Temperature decreases with increasing Biot number and Cattaneo-Christov parameter, whereas it increases with radiation and Eckert numbers, reflecting the competing effects of convective cooling and internal heating. Furthermore, tri-hybrid nanomaterials exhibit higher heat transport rates and skin friction coefficients compared to mono and hybrid nanofluids, making them suitable for advanced thermal systems and industrial processes where efficient heat transport is essential.