Case report reveals a rare benign renal leiomyoma in an adolescent with tuberous sclerosis complex, highlighting the role of immunohistochemistry in guiding diagnosis.
A 14-year-old female presented with intermittent left flank pain and was found to have a large renal mass on imaging. She exhibited clinical features suggestive of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), including facial angiofibromas and subependymal hamartomas on brain imaging. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen revealed a heterogeneously enhancing renal mass without fat or calcification, raising suspicion for a non-angiomyolipomatous lesion. The patient underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of renal leiomyoma—a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor. This case underscores the importance of considering renal leiomyoma in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors in young patients with TSC and highlights the role of histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation in establishing an accurate diagnosis and guiding management.
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Bikalpa et al. (2026) studied this question.
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