Development of a Gingiva Model With Periosteum for Dental Students Using 3D Printing Compared to Knowledge‐Related Models

INTRODUCTION: An adequate gingiva model for dental students has special requirements, such as strength, flexibility and a periosteum. As there is a lack of available models, the aim of this study was to develop a new and sufficient gingiva model that fits students' needs. METHODS: We developed various gingiva models and compared them to a previously used model at different stages of student development. Oral surgeons (n = 10) and dental students (3rd year: n = 13; 4th year: n = 11; 5th year: n = 11) tested and evaluated four model designs with various materials, both with and without periosteum and with and without a punch (models 1-4). RESULTS: Both oral surgeons and dental students liked the model with periosteum and simulated alveolus best, citing that it delivers the most options for practicing, is the most realistic, and helps to improve their own skills. All participants performed similarly on the practice, with a tendency toward better performance in groups with more experience. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of our periosteum model with and without punches for preclinical and clinical dental students, as it is easy to produce and delivers multiple design opportunities according to the level of experience and students' needs.