Key result
Circulating T cells predict 5-year cancer survival better than tumor-infiltrating T cells via ImmuneLENS.
Observational
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ImmuneLENS enables estimation of immune cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing, revealing that circulating T cell abundance is highly prognostic of 5-year cancer survival.
Recognition and elimination of pathogens and cancer cells depend on the adaptive immune system. Thus, accurate quantification of immune subsets is vital for precision medicine. We present immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS), which estimates T cell and B cell fractions, class switching and clonotype diversity from whole-genome sequencing data at depths as low as 5× coverage. By applying ImmuneLENS to the 100,000 Genomes Project, we identify genes enriched with somatic mutations in T cell-rich tumors, significant sex-based differences in circulating T cell fraction and demonstrated that the circulating T cell fraction in patients with cancer is significantly lower than in healthy individuals. Low circulating B cell fraction was linked to increased cancer incidence. Finally, circulating T cell abundance was more prognostic of 5-year cancer survival than infiltrating T cells.
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Bentham et al. (2025) conducted an observational in Cancer. ImmuneLENS estimation of circulating T and B cell fractions vs. Healthy individuals / Infiltrating T cells was evaluated on Cancer incidence and 5-year cancer survival. Circulating T cell abundance estimated by ImmuneLENS was more prognostic of 5-year cancer survival than infiltrating T cells, and low B cell fraction was linked to increased cancer incidence.
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