Huoxue Huatan Decoction Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Hyperlipidemic Rats via PGC-1α–PPARα and PGC-1α–NRF1–mtTFA Pathways

Figures

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  Figure 1. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on cholesterol (CHO) serum levels in hyperlipidemic rats (x¯±s). The num ber of animals per group at 4 weeks is n = 24; the number of animals per group at 8 weeks is n = 16. b P < 0.01 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 compared with the Model group. HXHT, Huoxue Huatan Decoction; CHO, cholesterol.

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  Figure 2. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on triglyceride (TG) serum levels in hyperlipidemic rats (x¯±s). The number of animals per group at 4 weeks is n = 24; the number of animals per group at 8 weeks is n = 16. b P < 0.01 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 compared with the Model group. HXHT, Huoxue Huatan Decoction; TG, triglyceride.

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  Figure 3. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on high-density lipid-cholesterol (HDL-C) serum levels in hyperlipidemic rats (x¯±s). The number of animals per group at 4 weeks is n = 24; the number of animals per group at 8 weeks is n = 16. b P < 0.01 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05 compared with the Model group. HXHT, Huoxue Huatan Decoction; HDL-C, high-density lipid-cholesterol.

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  Figure 4. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on low-density lipid-cholesterol (LDL-C) serum levels in hyperlipidemic rats (x¯±s). The number of animals per group at 4 weeks is n = 24; the number of animals per group at 8 weeks is n = 16. a P < 0.05, b P < 0.01 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 compared with the Model group. HXHT, Huoxue Huatan Decoction; LDL-C, low-density lipid-cholesterol.

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  Figure 5. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) serum levels in hyperlipidemic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats (x¯±s) The number of animals per group at 4 weeks is n = 24; the number of animals per group at 8 weeks is n = 16. a P < 0.05, b P < 0.01 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 compared with the Model group.

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  Figure 6. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels in hyperlipidemic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats (x¯±s). The number of animals at 4 weeks is n Normal = 8; n Model = 7; n Control A = 7; n Control B = 8; n HXHT-H = 7; n HXHT-M = 8; n HXHT-L = 8. The number of animals at 8 weeks is n Normal = 16; n Model = 15; n Control A = 16; n Control B = 15; n HXHT-H = 16; n HXHT-M = 16; n HXHT-L = 15. b P < 0.01 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 compared with the Model group. HXHT, Huoxue Huatan Decoction; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion.

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  Figure 7. B-ultrasound of hyperlipidemic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats.

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  Figure 8. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in hyperlipidemic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats (x¯±s). TThe number of animals at 4 weeks is n Normal = 8; n Model = 7; n Control A = 7; N Control B = 8; n HXHT-H = 7; n HXHT-M = 8; n HXHT-L = 8. The number of animals at 8 weeks is n Normal = 16; n Model = 15; n Control A = 16; n Control B = 15; n HXHT-H = 16; n HXHT-M = 16; n HXHT-L = 15. a P < 0.05 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05 compared with the Model group.

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  Figure 9. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on left ventricular end-diastolic inner diameter (LVIDd) in hyperlipidemic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats (x¯±s). The number of animals at 4 weeks is n Normal = 8; n Model = 7; n Control A = 7; N Control B = 8; n HXHT-H = 7; n HXHT-M = 8; n HXHT-L = 8. The number of animals at 8 weeks is n Normal = 16; n Model = 15; n Control A = 16; n Control B = 15; n HXHT-H = 16; n HXHT-M = 16; n HXHT-L = 15. a P < 0.05 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05 compared with the Model group.

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  Figure 10. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on left ventricular end-systolic inner diameters (LVIDs) in hyperlipidemic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats (x¯±s). The number of animals at 4 weeks is n Normal = 8; n Model = 7; n Control A = 7; n Control B = 8; n HXHT-H = 7; n HXHT-M = 8; n HXHT-L = 8. The number of animals at 8 weeks is n Normal = 16; n Model = 15; n Control A = 16; n Control B = 15; n HXHT-H = 16; n HXHT-M = 16; n HXHT-L = 15. a P < 0.05 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 compared with the Model group.

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  Figure 11. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on myocardial infarct size and ischemic area in hyperlipidemic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats (x¯±s). The number of animals at 4 weeks is n Normal = 8; n Model = 7; n Control A = 7; n Control B = 8; n HXHT-H = 7; n HXHT-M = 8; n HXHT-L = 8. The number of animals at 8 weeks is n Normal = 8; n Model = 8; n Control A = 8; n Control B = 7; n HXHT-H = 8; n HXHT-M = 8; n HXHT-L = 7. a P < 0.05 compared with the Normal group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 compared with the Model group. HXHT, Huoxue Huatan Decoction; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion.

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  Figure 12. Effects of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on heart histopathology after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in hyperlipidemic rats (HE staining, 200×). (A) Normal control; (B) Model control; (C) Control A; (D) HXHT-M. The number of animals at 8 weeks is n Normal = 8; n Model = 7; n Control A = 8; n HXHT-M = 8. HXHT, Huoxue Huatan Decoction; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion.