M. W. Pienkowski, P. R. Evans, D. J. Townshend, Leap-Frog and Other Migration Patterns of Waders: A Critique of the Alerstam and Högstedt Hypothesis, and Some Alternatives, Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology), Vol. 16, No. 1 (Apr., 1985), pp. 61-70
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Pienkowski et al. (1985) studied this question.
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