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Understanding the heterogeneity of vascular involvement in lower extremity artery disease based on risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and ESRD may improve treatment strategies for critical limb-threatening ischemia.
Smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These risk factors have a significant impact on the progression of systemic atherosclerosis, and compose "polyvascular disease" including coronar y arter y disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD), leading to poor patient outcomes. Among PAD, lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) has become a major problem and target for treatment in patients with systemic atherosclerosis.
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Ohtake et al. (2023) studied this question.
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