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Phenanthroline (Phen) ligand-protected palladium nanoparticles in ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) are very active and selective for the hydrogenation of olefins, and the nanoparticles/IL system can be reused many times without reducing the activity.
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Huang et al. (2003) studied this question.
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