Effect of braid angle and axial yarn arrangement on energy dissipation of industrial hoses reinforced with a triaxially braided hybrid polyester–metal structure

The development of high-performance flexible hoses requires reinforcement architectures that effectively enhance mechanical stability and dissipate energy under dynamic loading. This study investigates the influence of braid angle and axial yarn arrangement in a triaxially braided hybrid polyester–metal reinforcement structure on the damping behavior of industrial hoses. Specimens were fabricated with three braid angles (30°, 47°, and 62°) and three axial yarn configurations: (A) 18 hybrid yarns (0.5 mm diameter), (B) 9 yarns (1.0 mm diameter), and (C) an alternating pattern of 1.0 and 0.5 mm yarns. Cyclic three-point bending tests evaluated the viscoelastic response and hysteresis energy loss. Results showed that increasing the braid angle significantly increased the hysteresis loop area, enhancing energy dissipation due to improved radial stiffness. Among the configurations, structure (A) demonstrated the highest damping performance at higher braid angles, while configuration (C) exhibited angle-dependent oscillatory behavior. Furthermore, all reinforced samples showed a substantial increase in energy dissipation compared to non-reinforced hoses. Overall, optimizing the braid angle and hybrid axial yarn arrangement is critical for enhancing the mechanical and damping performance of industrial hoses under dynamic conditions.