What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate how cross-border electricity and gas interconnections and synchronization with the Continental European grid affected regional energy security across Poland and the Baltic states.

August 15, 2026EnergiesOpen Access

Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure and Regional Energy Security: Empirical Evidence from the Poland–Baltic States Corridor

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Authors

MBMichał BilczakUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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Implication

Empirical analysis demonstrates uneven gains in regional electricity security following Baltic grid synchronization, indicating that idle capacity provides limited resilience without active market...

Key Points

To evaluate how cross-border electricity and gas interconnections and synchronization with the Continental European grid affected regional energy security across Poland and the Baltic states.
Analyzed cross-border power flows, energy balances, and gas transmission statistics from ENTSO-E, Eurostat, and ENTSOG for the 2018–2025 period across Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.
Constructed a composite Baltic Regional Electricity Security Index (BRESI) evaluating supply diversification, interconnection utilization, and import dependency, evaluated alongside price spread analysis.
BRESI scores improved across all four countries from 2019 to 2024 across all weighting variants, with electricity links operating at 60%–70% capacity and gas links at 35%–50% capacity.
Import dependencies remained asymmetric in 2024, with Lithuania importing 47% of consumed electricity while Poland covered nearly all domestic demand.
Synchronization initially caused price spikes in Lithuania up to EUR 325/MWh relative to an EUR 88/MWh January average, with monthly price spreads averaging EUR 19/MWh between Poland and Lithuania versus under EUR 5/MWh within the Baltic market.

Cite This Study

Michał Bilczak (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8019fe75c2e31742c864bd https://doi.org/10.3390/en19163806

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Implication

Empirical analysis demonstrates uneven gains in regional electricity security following Baltic grid synchronization, indicating that idle capacity provides limited resilience without active market...

Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure and Regional Energy Security: Empirical Evidence from the Poland–Baltic States Corridor

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure and Regional Energy Security: Empirical Evidence from the Poland–Baltic States Corridor

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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