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August 15, 2026AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Liver Structural Organization, Methodological Advances, and Functional Implications

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Authors

RSRoy SiegelmannMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyJLJagoda LitowczenkoBellvitge University HospitalGGGilad GomeHebrew University of Jerusalem

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Implication

Narrative review demonstrates how three-dimensional architecture governs metabolic zonation in the liver, highlighting pathways for bioengineered tissue rescue.

Key Points

  • To review multi-scale three-dimensional structural organization of the liver, examining how spatial architecture and biochemical gradients dictate hepatocyte specialization, disease patterns, and regenerative capacity.
  • Surveyed structural frameworks describing liver architecture, including classical lobules, portal lobules, metabolic acini, and modular polyhedral human tissue reconstructions.
  • Evaluated multi-scale imaging and analytical modalities including vascular corrosion casting, micro-CT, light-sheet microscopy, single-cell transcriptomics, and spatial transcriptomics.
  • Approximately 50% of the hepatocyte transcriptome exhibits spatial zonation along the portal-to-central lobular axis, coordinated by a Wnt signaling gradient from central vein endothelium.
  • Zonal specialization directly determines pathological susceptibility, leading to zone-specific patterns of drug toxicity, steatosis, and hepatic fibrosis.
  • Liver regeneration recapitulates developmental programs, providing structural and molecular blueprints for synthetic biology and bioengineered tissue replacement.

Cite This Study

Siegelmann et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a801a0e75c2e31742c866fchttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00133.2026
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