Identification of High-Risk and Low-Risk Subgroups of Patients with Mitral-Valve Prolapse

Mitral-valve prolapse is a common cardiac valvular disorder with a wide range of severity and diverse clinical outcomes. The lack of a standard definition of mitral-valve prolapse may explain the variation in reported complication rates. To identify high-risk and low-risk subgroups, we retrospectively analyzed clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic data from 456 patients with mitral-valve prolapse. Mitral-valve prolapse was defined on the basis of echocardiographic findings as systolic displacement into the left atrium of one or both leaflets beyond the plane of the mitral annulus in the parasternal long-axis view. Two groups of patients were compared: those with thickening of the mitral-valve leaflets and redundancy (designated the classic form; n = 319) and those without leaflet thickening (designated the nonclassic form; n = 137). The two groups were similar in age and sex ratio. Complications or a history of complications was more prevalent in the classic than the nonclassic form: infective endocarditis, 3.5 percent and 0 percent, respectively (P less than 0.02); moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation, 12 percent and 0 percent (P less than 0.001); and the need for mitral-valve replacement, 6.6 percent and 0.7 percent (P less than 0.02). However, the frequency of stroke was similar in the two groups: 7.5 percent and 5.8 percent (P not significant). We conclude that in a selected population of patients with mitral-valve prolapse, those with the classic form (leaflet thickening and redundancy) are at higher risk than those without these features for the infectious and hemodynamic complications of mitral-valve prolapse, but not for stroke.