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October 14, 2025Global HeartOpen Access

Exploring the Causal Relationships and Mediating Factors Between Mental Disorders and Hypertension: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study

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Why the study?

Although mental disorders and hypertension are correlated, the direction of this association and the specific risk factors mediating the causal effects remain unknown.

Does genetically predicted depression, anxiety, or panic attacks increase the risk of hypertension in European populations?

Population

European populations from eleven genome-wide association studies

Comparison

Genetically predicted depression, anxiety, or panic attacks vs hypertension and potential mediators

Design

Univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization study

Authors

KLKunyan LiCYChun YinZGZ T Gao

Discussion

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Overview

Should not yet change practice; leaves open trials of mood-disorder treatment to prevent hypertension.

Structured PICO

Does genetically predicted depression, anxiety, or panic attacks increase the risk of hypertension in European populations?

P
Population
European ancestry individuals from 11 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including 463,010 participants for hypertension (54,358 cases, 408,652 controls), 322,580 for depression, 463,010 for anxiety, and 117,722 for panic attacks.
I
Intervention
Genetically predicted higher risk of depression, anxiety, or panic attacks
C
Comparator
Genetically predicted lower risk or absence of these mental disorders
O
Outcome
Risk of essential (primary) hypertension (ICD10: I10)

This Mendelian randomization study provides evidence for a bidirectional causal relationship between depression and hypertension, with type 2 diabetes and smoking mediating a significant proportion of the effect.

Cite This Study

Li et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a80c9788fb9cc96313bd994https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1483
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Major Depression as a Risk Factor for High Blood Pressure: Epidemiologic Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study2009 · 151 citations
  2. 2Awareness of hypertension and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a primary care population2018 · 63 citations
  3. 3Panic disorder, anxiety and depression in resistant hypertension - a case–control study1997 · 46 citations
  4. 4Differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension between developing and developed countries2009 · 639 citations
  5. 5Impact of comorbidities in hypertension2016 · 26 citations