Prognostic Impact of Baseline Hemoglobin Levels on Long‐Term Thrombotic and Bleeding Events After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Figure 1. Study flow. CABG indicates coronary artery bypass grafting; CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry, Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/CABG Registry; NEXT, NOBORI Biolimus‐Eluting Versus XIENCE/PROMUS Everolimus‐Eluting Stent Trial; RESET, Randomized Evaluation of Sirolimus‐Eluting Versus Everolimus‐Eluting Stent Trial.

Figure 2. Distribution of hemoglobin at the baseline. All patients were categorized into 4 groups: high‐normal hemoglobin (≥14.0 g/dL), low‐normal hemoglobin (13.0–13.9 g/dL for men 12.0–13.9 g/dL for women), mild anemia (hemoglobin 11.0–12.9 g/dL for men and 11.0–11.9 g/dL for women), and moderate/severe anemia (hemoglobin <10.9 g/dL).

Figure 3. Kaplan‐Meier curves for the primary ischemic and bleeding outcome measure. A, Myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. B, GUSTO (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries Trial) moderate/severe bleeding. PCI indicates percutaneous coronary intervention.

Figure 4. A hazard ratio plot showing the adjusted excess risk of the low‐normal hemoglobin and mild and moderate/severe anemia groups relative to high‐normal hemoglobin group for the primary ischemic and bleeding outcome measures. We included 34 clinically relevant factors indicated in Table 1 as the risk‐adjusting variables and incorporated the centers and studies as the stratification variables in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. GUSTO indicates Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries Trial; HR, hazard ratio.

Figure 5. Subgroup analyses for the primary bleeding outcome in the clinically relevant subgroups. A, Hazard ratio of low‐normal hemoglobin, mild anemia, and moderate/severe anemia relative to high‐normal hemoglobin and P value for interaction between subgroup factors and the effect of hemoglobin levels on the primary bleeding outcome measure. The same 34 risk‐adjusting variables used in the entire cohort were included in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. B, Continued, *We constructed parsimonious models with the 13 risk‐adjusting variables used in the parsimonious models in the entire cohort. C, Continued, *We constructed parsimonious models with the 13 risk‐adjusting variables used in the parsimonious models in the entire cohort. CREDO‐Kyoto indicates Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto; DAPT, dual‐antiplatelet therapy; H2B, histamine‐2 receptor blocker; NEXT, NOBORI Biolimus‐Eluting Versus XIENCE/PROMUS Everolimus‐Eluting Stent Trial; PPI, proton‐pump inhibitor; RESET, Randomized Evaluation of Sirolimus‐Eluting Versus Everolimus‐Eluting Stent Trial.