Key result
Comprehensive risk reduction targets lifestyle, glycemia, lipids, and blood pressure to prevent diabetic vascular disease.
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Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is now recognized as a coronary heart disease equivalent. While the most common metabolic abnormality associated with diabetes is hyperglycemia, there are also abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. These abnormalities increase oxidative stress and activate the renin-angiotensin system leading to endothelial dysfunction and, thereafter, to systemic atherosclerosis. This systemic atherosclerosis is responsible for the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to diabetes. In this article, we review the evidence and discuss the rationale for comprehensive risk reduction to prevent and treat vascular disease in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The components of comprehensive risk reduction strategy consist of lifestyle changes, glycemic control, control of dyslipidemia and hypertension.
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Deedwania et al. (2007) conducted a review in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular disease. Comprehensive risk reduction (lifestyle changes, glycemic control, control of dyslipidemia and hypertension) was evaluated on Prevention and treatment of vascular disease. Comprehensive risk reduction involving lifestyle changes and control of glycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension is reviewed for preventing vascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
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