Study of unmanned underwater vehicles in marine regulatory applications overview and application analysis of the two main types of AUVs and ROVs

Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) is a robotic system that can autonomously or remotely manoeuvre to perform underwater tasks without manual control, and is now widely used in military, scientific research and ocean exploration. In recent years, with the development of sensor technology, artificial intelligence and navigation and control technology, the autonomy, endurance, and operational depth of UUV have been continuously improved, and it has become an important tool in the marine field. This paper summarises the classification of UUVs, key technologies and their application status, introduces in detail the two major types of unmanned remotely operated underwater robots (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and focuses on their latest progress in key technologies such as navigation and positioning, communication, energy management, and environment sensing. Finally, it summarises the challenges faced by UUVs in the field of marine environment monitoring and resource exploration, and looks forward to the future development trend of UUVs in the field of deep-sea exploration.