Sustainable Energy Systems Through Fair Carbon Pricing: A Shapley Value-Based Optimization Framework

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Sustainable energy systems necessitate an equitable distribution of carbon burdens among stakeholders. This paper proposes a Shapley value-based carbon pricing mechanism embedded in a dual-layer Stackelberg framework, where the upper layer optimizes generation schedules and carbon prices, while the lower layer coordinates demand response strategies. The approach introduces several key innovations, including a Shapley allocation method that enhances fairness (achieving a Jain index of 0.94 compared to 0.78 in baselines), multi-dimensional dynamic pricing, and an improved ADMM algorithm that reduces computational demands by 34.2%. Validation on the IEEE 33-node test system yields a 27.5% reduction in operational costs (from USD 1.952 M to 1.415 M), a 17.8% decrease in emissions, and 97.8% integration of renewable energy sources. Overall, this framework promotes the transition to sustainable energy systems while upholding principles of equity.