Why the study?
Primary adrenal epithelioid angiosarcoma is rare and, due to its histopathological features, can be misdiagnosed as adrenal cortical adenoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, or metastatic cancers.
Primary adrenal epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare tumor that requires immunohistochemical staining for accurate diagnosis to avoid misinterpretation as other adrenal or metastatic tumors.
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Adrenal masses with atypical histology warrant IHC to exclude rare angiosarcoma; this case extends limited reports but leaves management questions open.
BACKGROUND Primary adrenal epithelioid angiosarcoma (PAEA) is a very uncommon primary adrenal gland tumor that usually occurs around the age of 60 years and is more common among males. Owing to its rarity and histopathological features, PAEA could be misdiagnosed as adrenal cortical adenoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, or other metastatic cancers, such as metastatic malignant melanoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with a complaint of abdominal bloating that started 2 months prior. His vital signs and the results of his physical and neurological examinations were unremarkable. A computed tomography scan showed a lobulated mass arising from the hepatic limb of the right adrenal gland but no evidence of metastasis to the chest or abdomen. The patient underwent right adrenalectomy, and the macroscopic pathological findings from a right adrenalectomy specimen revealed atypical tumor cells with an epithelioid appearance in the background of an adrenal cortical adenoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The final diagnosis was epithelioid angiosarcoma involving the right adrenal gland with a background adrenal cortical adenoma. The patient had no postoperative complications, pain in the surgical wound, or fever. Therefore, he was discharged with a schedule for followup appointments. CONCLUSIONS PAEA may be misinterpreted as adrenal cortical carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, or malignant melanoma radiologically and histologically. Immunohistochemical stains are essential for diagnosing PAEA. Surgery and strict monitoring are the main treatments. In addition, early diagnosis is essential for patient recovery.
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Wannasai et al. (2023) studied this question.
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