Allelic frequency and genotype distributions of angiotensin converting enzyme gene among three essential Iraqi ethnic group population

Human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has an insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphic whichproduce three allelic variants: II, ID & DD that associated with many genetic disease. ACE gene polymorphisms have been studied in different ethnic populations. The polymorphisms of ACE gene were investigated using polymerase chain reaction to detect the I/D mutation in a total of 191 healthy individual’s sample selected randomly from northern and central Iraqi ethnics groups: Arab, Kurd and Turkman. The results showed a high D allele frequency in Arab population (D 65.5%, I 34.5%), high I allele frequency in Kurd population (D 42.3%, I 57.7%), while an equal value of D and I (50%) in Turkman population. Allele frequency D and I was calculated according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The DD, ID and II genotypes distribution were observed in Iraqi ethnic groups as: 50 (50%), 31 (31%) and 19 (19%) in Arab population and 10 (20%), 24 (46%) and 18 (34%) in Kurd population while the result showed 12 (30.7%), 15 (38.4%) and 12 (30.7%) in Turkman population, respectively. We conclude from this study that the frequency of ACE gene polymorphic are different in the main populations of Iraq.