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August 16, 2026Neurorehabilitation

Manifestations of Oral Muscle Mass, Tongue Strength, and Endurance in Patients with Stroke Across Varying Degrees of Swallowing Function: A Pilot Study

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Authors

STSung‐Ling TsaiKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalYHYu‐Chi HuangUniversity of TsukubaCCChung-Hui ChengKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

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Overview

Cross-sectional study reveals increased tongue stiffness and reduced strength in severe post-stroke dysphagia, suggesting targeted functional and elastographic assessment for rehabilitation.

Key Points

  • To evaluate differences in oral muscle thickness, tissue elasticity, and tongue strength and endurance across stroke patients with varying degrees of swallowing impairment.
  • Cross-sectional pilot study of 41 stroke patients (27 men, 14 women) in Taiwan stratified into severe (levels 1–3), mild-to-moderate (levels 4–6), and no dysphagia (level 7) using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS).
  • Evaluated tongue and bilateral masseter muscle thickness and elasticity (shear wave velocity) using ultrasonography and sonoelastography, and measured tongue strength and endurance using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).
  • Unaffected-side masseter muscle thickness increased significantly with better swallowing ability (p < 0.05).
  • Tongue shear wave velocity was highest in the severe dysphagia group (median 1.98 m/s, IQR 0.83 m/s; p < 0.05), indicating increased muscle stiffness.
  • Higher FOIS scores correlated with greater tongue strength and endurance, although endurance did not differ significantly between mild-to-moderate and non-dysphagic groups.

Cite This Study

Tsai et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a817a4cf2fb91fc834adf84https://doi.org/10.1177/10538135261470434
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Swallowing muscle mass contributes to post‐stroke dysphagia in ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy2024 · 16 citations
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  4. 4Evaluation of Swallowing and Tongue Strength Index in Patients With Temporomandibular Dysfunction: A Cross‐Sectional Study2026
  5. 5Correlation between Dysphagia, Respiratory Function, and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Stroke2024