Preparation and Application Research of Conductive Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings

Conductive polymer nanocomposite coatings that combine the redox activity of conductive polymers with the structural functionality of nanofillers have broad application prospects in active corrosion protection, electrochemical response, electromagnetic shielding, and microwave attenuation. These coatings are also promising for high-performance fibers, smart weaving materials, and flexible electromagnetic functional surfaces. Based on this background, this study uses polyaniline and polypyrrole as matrix materials and investigates the preparation process, structural control, and service performance of conductive polymer nanocomposite coatings through composite modification with nanofillers. Polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite fillers were prepared by in-situ polymerization, while a polypyrrole/nano-silica composite system was prepared by oxidative polymerization. Composite coatings were then formed on different substrate surfaces by spraying or coating processes. The chemical structure and microstructure were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Conductivity, corrosion resistance, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness were measured using four-probe testing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and waveguide-based shielding tests. The results reveal the synergistic enhancement mechanism between conductive polymers and nanofillers, providing experimental evidence for the rational design of multifunctional coatings with improved durability, corrosion resistance, and electromagnetic-wave shielding performance.