Retrospective study reveals frequent treatment escalation and predominant sensory symptoms in pediatric multiple sclerosis, highlighting the need for aggressive therapeutic monitoring.
Aim: To examine the clinical, radiological, and therapeutic characteristics of pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at a single tertiary center.Methods: This retrospective study included 24 patients diagnosed with MS according to the 2017 revised McDonald criteria. The demographic, clinical, neurophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, as well as treatment responses and long-term outcomes, were analyzed.Results: The mean age at first clinical attack was 13.7 ± 3.4 years (range: 5.4–17.9), and the mean age at diagnosis was 13.8 ± 3.4 years (range: 5.8–18.2). The mean follow-up duration was 53.6 ± 27 months. At diagnosis, 52.2% of the patients were monosymptomatic, and sensory symptoms were most common. MRI revealed periventricular and infratentorial lesions in 54.5% of the cases each. While 31.8% of the patients remained on first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), 68.2% required escalation to second-line and 18.2% to third-line treatments. A shorter duration of first-line DMT (median 6 months, p
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