Risk Factors for postoperative medical morbidity and 3-month mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture following hip arthroplasty during COVID-19 pandemic

Background The purpose of the current study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative medical complications and 3-month mortality in patients ≥ 70 years old with hip fracture following hip arthroplasty (HA) and independent risk factors associated with postoperative medical complications and 3-month mortality during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted, patients ≥ 70 years old with HA for hip fracture under general anesthesia were included during COVID-19 and before COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome was defined as postoperative medical complications and 3-month mortality. The baseline characteristics and risk factors were collected, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for postoperative medical complications and 3-month mortality. Results A total of 1096 patients were included during COVID-19 pandemic and 1149 were included before COVID-19 pandemic in the study. Patients ≥ 70 years with hip fracture for HA had longer fracture to operation duration, and the incidence of postoperative medical complications and 3-month mortality was higher during COVID-2019 pandemic. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dementia (OR,2.73; 95%CI, 1.37–5.44; P = 0.004), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) (OR,3.00; 95%CI, 1.92–4.71; P < 0.001), longer fracture to operation duration (OR,1.24; 95%CI, 1.19–1.30; P < 0.001) were associated with increased a risk for postoperative medical complications. COPD (OR,2.10; 95%CI, 1.05–4.17; P = 0.035), dementia (OR,3.00; 95%CI, 1.11–7.94; P = 0.031), postoperative medical complications (OR,4.99; 95%CI, 2.68–9.28; P < 0.001), longer fracture to operation duration (OR,1.11; 95%CI, 1.04–1.19; P = 0.002) were associated with increased a risk for 3-month mortality. Conclusions In conclusion, we found that postoperative medical morbidity and 3-month mortality in patients with hip fracture underwent THA was 21.90% and 5.20%, respectively during the COVID-19. COPD, dementia, and longer fracture to operation duration were associated with negative outcome in patients with hip fracture underwent HA during the COVID-19.