Key result
Diabetes mellitus was present in 15.8% of participants and was associated with a non-significant increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (OR 1.2411).
Why the study?
Kidney failure is common in Sudan and usually preceded by chronic kidney disease, but the most common associated risk factors needed identification.
Cross-Sectional (n=175)
No
Odds Ratio: 1.2411 (95% CI 0.5456–2.8232)
Absolute Event Rate: 22.2% vs 18.1%
p-value: p=0.6065
Risk factors for chronic kidney disease, including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, are highly prevalent in western Sudan, highlighting the need for proactive public health interventions.
May warrant enhanced CKD surveillance in western Sudan; leaves open causal inference and intervention efficacy from prospective data.
BACKGROUND: Kidney failure is common in Sudan, usually preceded by chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to identify the most common risk factors associated with CKD in Sudan. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional descriptive clinic-based study undertaken in El-Obeid, the capital of North Kordofan state. Because of the ongoing armed war and the failure of the healthcare system in most places in the state, practically everyone in the state seeks medical care in El-Obeid. Selection of applicants is based on the individual's willingness to participate in the study. RESULTS: Hypertension was detected in 8.2% of the subjects, among whom 14.3% exhibited a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m². Cigarette smoking revealed findings analogous to hypertension. Among the 15.8% of diabetic individuals, 22.2% showed a GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m². Urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 11% of patients, with 21% exhibiting a GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m². CONCLUSION: Risk factors for CKD, including diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, urinary tract infections, and obesity, are common in western Sudan. These risks require proactive intervention from both the healthcare system and the community.
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A 2025 study conducted a cross-sectional in Chronic Kidney Disease (n=175). Diabetes mellitus vs. Non-diabetic individuals was evaluated on Development of CKD (GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²) (OR 1.2411, 95% CI 0.5456-2.8232, p=0.6065). Diabetes mellitus was present in 15.8% of participants and was associated with a non-significant increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (OR 1.2411).
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