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Several versions of a hard disc microscopic ratchet are introduced and studied with molecular dynamics. While, at equilibrium, no rectification of the fluctuations takes place, a systematic motion appears when a temperature difference is applied to different units of the motor. In the limit of dilute gases, an exact analytic calculation of its properties is found to be in excellent agreement with molecular dynamics simulations.
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Meurs et al. (2005) studied this question.
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