Symptoms and traits of personality disorder: Two new methods for their assessment.

This study examines the reliability and validity of 2 dimensional methods for the assessment of personality disorder symptoms and traits. In Study 1, three groups that varied in personality pathology level completed the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP; Clark, 1993), a self-report questionnaire that measures traits relevant to Axis II pathology. Differences among the groups, which were patterned in theoretically interesting ways, are discussed. In Study 2, two independent judges rated 22 clusters of Axis II symptoms in 56 state hospital inpatients based on chart information. Good interrater reliability was obtained (median coefficient =.71), and personality-related pathology was quite prevalent. Relations among symptom ratings, SNAP scores, and chart diagnoses were generally systematic, but anomalous findings also emerged