Aquatic Exercise on Brain Activity in Type 2 Diabetic: Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: A water-based physical exercise program is extremely important for the rehabilitation of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about its action on cerebral electrical activity. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a water-based physical exercise protocol on electroencephalographic activity, blood glucose levels, and functional capacity, as well as their correlation, in type 2 diabetics. Methods: Study design: Randomized Clinical Trial. Forty volunteers were randomized into two groups: control (n = 20) and study (n = 20). A water-based physical exercise program comprising 50 min sessions was conducted three times a week for five weeks. Assessments were performed at the pre- and post-intervention and follow-up phases. The qualitative data were compared using the Mann–Whitney test and Chi-Square. Quantitative data were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis, Independent t, and ANOVA mixed tests. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate the data. Results: The data were similar when comparing the groups. Six-minute walk test data increased in the comparison between times (p = 0.01—PrexPos). EEG data decreased in comparison between times (prexfollow-up—p < 0.05), except AF3. EEG data decreased in the timexgroup comparison (prexfollow-up and postxfollow-up—p < 0.05). Conclusions: The water-based exercise protocol maintained electroencephalographic activity, glucose levels, and functional capacity in people with type 2 diabetes, and there was no relationship between brain electrical activity and capillary blood glucose.