Precision Preventive Medicine of Relapse in Smoking Cessation: Can MRI Inform the Search of Intermediate Phenotypes?

Figures

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  Figure 1. Structures and connections highlighted as precursor to relapse after a quit attempt in resting-state studies. <—> = lower connectivity between structures; ↑ = greater fMRI activation; ↓ = lower fMRI activation; □ white rectangle = treatment use (NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy), P (Pharmacotherapy with: V = Varenicline, EVP = selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor); PCS (Psychological Counselling Session)); □ coloured rectangles = network implicated (Blue = Default Mode Network; Gray = Undetermined network or not part of a specific network; Green = Salience Network; Orange = Executive Control Network; Pink = Reward network; Purple = Habit formation); (n) = number of the study (see Table 1); EC = Eigenvector centrality; ReHo = Regional Homogeneity; Ant = anterior; d = dorsal; dl=dorsolateral; L = Left; v = ventral; va = ventro-anterior; R = Right; m=medial; ACC = Anterior Cingular Cortex; IFG= Inferior Frontal Gyrus; OFC = Orbital Frontal Cortex; NAc= Nucleus accumbens; SFG = Superior Frontal Gyrus.

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  Figure 2. Structures and connections highlighted as precursor to relapse after a quit attempt in task-based studies (drugs-cues, monetary reward, or inhibition tasks). ↑ = greater fMRI activation; ↓ = lower fMRI activation; □ white rectangle = treatment use (NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy), P (Pharmacotherapy with: V = Varenicline, EVP = selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor); PCS (Psychological Counselling Session)); □ coloured rectangles = network implicated (Blue = Default Mode Network; Gray = Undetermined network or not part of a specific network; Green = Salience Network; Orange = Executive Control Network; Pink = Reward network Purple = Habit formation); * = visual inspection of the figure; (n) = number of the study (see Table 1); d = dorsal; dm = dorso-median; L = Left; v = ventral; vm = ventro-median; R = Right; ACC = Anterior Cingular Cortex; IFG = Inferior Frontal Gyrus; PCC = Posterior Cingular Cortex; PFC = Pre Frontal Cortex.

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  Figure 3. Main results of the structures and networks that predicted treatment outcome. Background rectangle: graphical summary of all the findings. Forefront rectangle: most consistently reported findings. Colours = network (Blue = Default Mode Network; Orange = Executive Control Network; Green = Salience Network; Purple = Habit formation; Pink = Reward network; Gray = Undetermined network or not part of a specific network).