The Effect of Intensive Diabetes Therapy on the Development and Progression of Neuropathy

1,441 patients aged 13 to 39 years with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, comprising a primary prevention cohort (n=726, diabetes duration 1-5 years, no retinopathy) and a secondary intervention cohort (n=715, diabetes duration 1-15 years, minimal to moderate nonproliferative retinopathy).

Intensive therapy with three or more daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion guided by four or more glucose tests per day.

Conventional therapy with one or two daily insulin injections.

Development of confirmed clinical neuropathy (defined as a history or physical examination consistent with clinical neuropathy confirmed by either abnormal nerve conduction or autonomic nervous system testing) after 5 years of follow-up.hard clinical