CCND1 Overexpression in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Promising Biomarker?

Figure 1. The hierarchical heatmap (based on Pearson correlation) of the DEGs. Each sample is represented by a column, and each gene is represented by a row. The change in color from green to red reflects the pattern of expression, from downregulation to upregulation.

Figure 2. Scatter plot functional and pathway enrichment of upregulated DEGs. (A) Plot of the top 20 enriched KEGG pathways. (B) Plot of the top 10 enriched GO terms for molecular functions (MF), biological processes (BP), and cellular components (CC).

Figure 3. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of HUB genes.

Figure 4. The violin plots of selected HUB of HUBs expression patterns. The vertical axes are not scaled.

Figure 5. RT-PCR of the genes under study. Threshold cycle (Ct) values were obtained for each target and GAPDH as a control for normalization, and fold inductions were measured using the 2 −∆∆Ct method. * p-value < 0.05, *** p-value < 0.001, and **** p-value < 0.0001 vs. controls. “ns” stands for not-significant.

Figure 6. An overview of ORA for DisGeNET and DO generated by the “enrichplot” package. (A) and (B) gene-concept networks for DisGeNET and DO gene-disease associations, respectively. (C) and (D) dot plots illustrating these relationships with adj. p-value and Rich factor. (E,F) Heatmap-like functional classification representing the role and association of each gene among different diseases. Compared to all gene numbers involved in a disease term, the richest factor is the proportion of selected gene numbers (four HUBs). As the rich factor increases, the degree of disease increases.