Fabrication of lead-bismuth titanate borosilicate glass ceramics and dielectric characteristics doped with GNPs

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Different compositions (x) of lead-bismuth titanate borosilicate (PBTB) glasses have been synthesized using a conventional melt-quenching method in the compound 55[(Pb x Bi 1−x )TiO 3 ]−44[2SiO 2 .B 2 O 3 ], (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0) mixed with 1 mol % of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). XRD analysis exhibited the synthesis of clear PBTB glasses which confirmed the amorphous nature. Synthesized glasses have been converted into glass-ceramics (GCs) using a differential thermal analysis (DTA) results to understand the crystallization mechanism. XRD results described the crystalline behavior of GC samples and distinct phase formation. The surface morphology of the GCs was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) have been also performed to verify the elemental composition of the GC sample, PBTG0.5735 F (x = 0.5). The variation in relative dielectric constant ( ε r ) and dissipation factor (D) by increasing temperatures was obtained at different frequencies. The GC sample PTG1.0746 F (x = 1.0) showed a maximum value of dielectric constant among all glass ceramic samples.