Design and Implementation of a System to Control Bioreceptor Layer Formation on Au Electrodes

This paper presents the design and implementation of an innovative in-situ system for quality control of bioreceptor layers formation on gold electrodes in electrochemical biosensors manufactured for aquaculture. This system, based on online wetting angle and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, allows monitoring of key quality parameters at early stages of production. The results of the study showed that pre-preparation of electrode surfaces is essential for proper formation of a stable bioreceptor layer, and its skip results in instability of the functional layer. Integrating the quality control system directly into the production line allows for the real-time elimination of substrates that do not meet standards, which increases the reproducibility and reliability of biosensors and reduces operating costs.